Gender disparities have never been as widely discussed — or as bitterly contested — as they are right now (Stewart-Williams et al., 2021).[1]
According to the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Report 2024, women’s underrepresentation in the STEM workforce places them at a double disadvantage.[2] Statistics show that globally, women make up only 28.2% of the STEM workforce, compared to 47.3% in non-STEM occupations, underscoring the persistent gap in participation and representation within these fields.[3]
This imbalance often reflects a trajectory that begins in childhood and compounds over time.[4] As early as first grade, girls’ interest in STEM is found to be influenced by social and cultural factors,[5] including gender stereotypes, lack of role models, [6] and double conformity pressures (i.e., to succeed academically while also conforming to gendered expectations — which can erode confidence and limit participation).[7] [8]
This decline shows that these factors, over time, can negatively impact girls’ STEM identity and career aspirations, even when girls possess the same academic understanding of the subjects as their male peers.[9]
To better understand the factors that potentially mitigate these disparities, the Society of Women Engineers (SWE) turned its attention to learning more about what worldwide interventions support identity development and persistence in STEM fields. The following infographic highlights some interesting findings from studies around the world:
A review of the literature shows that closing the gender gap in STEM is not a matter of recruitment alone. Rather, it requires rethinking on a global scale better ways to rebuild relationships, foster inclusive environments, and create spaces where women and girls can see themselves reflected and have genuine opportunities to thrive.
Across global research, mentoring stands out as one of the most powerful levers. It not only boosts persistence, but also reshapes identity and broadens access to opportunity in STEM.
Still, the path forward is complex. Tackling STEM global disparities demands a coordinated effort across institutions, industries, and countries. Progress depends on collective commitment because ensuring women’s full participation in STEM is not just an equity issue – it is a driver of innovation, competitiveness, and a more just future.
The SWE Mentor Network is an exclusive members-only community for the facilitation of mentoring conversations. As a SWE member, you can offer mentoring services, receive mentoring ― or even act as both a mentor and mentee. Find more details and sign up on SWE’s website.
References
[7] Child, T. (2011). Do internalized feminine norms depress girls’ STEM attitudes & participation
